Produced Water Treatment and Sand Management
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Produced Water Treatment and Sand Management
Produced Water Treatment
Produced water is a byproduct of oil and gas production that emerges along with hydrocarbons from reservoirs. It contains a mixture of water, oil, gas, and various contaminants, making its treatment essential before disposal or reuse.
De-oiling Hydrocyclone Solutions
De-oiling hydrocyclones are a crucial component of produced water treatment systems in the oil and gas industry, particularly for offshore / FPSO applications where footprint and weight considerations are important. De-oiling hydrocyclones operate on the principle of enhanced gravity separation by submitting the fluids to centrifugal forces.
Hydrocyclone vessels comprise high efficiency individual hydrocyclone liners manifolded within a pressure vessel. Theses liners are conical in shape with flow forced into tangential inlets under pressure causing the flow to spin. Spinning flow causes radial accelerations >1,000g within the cyclone. As a result of this the lighter oil droplets are collected at the inner axial core. Pressure gradients within the cyclone create two vortices, one inside the other, spinning in the same direction, but with opposite axial direction. The denser, water phase, exits at the underflow, with the lighter oil phase exiting the overflow adjacent to the tangential inlets. External back pressure and outlet port diameters control split ratio balance of outlet flows.
Sand Management – De-sanding Hydrocyclones
During hydrocarbon extraction, reservoir conditions can cause sand and other solids to be carried along with the produced fluids. This sand can cause significant damage to equipment, decrease well productivity, and even lead to costly shutdowns.
Desanding Hydrocyclone Range
The EnSep ENS range of de-sanding hydrocylones have been developed to tackle sand production, particularly for protection of downstream equipment and produced water reinjection applications.
The EnSep ENS range has the following separation efficiency:
- ENS25 for fine particle removal for produced water reinjection. Our highest particle removal efficiency cyclone (typical d98 <5 micron).
- EN50 for produced water de-sanding, and sand cleaning. Designed to be suitable for most standard offshore applications (typical d98 <10 micron).
- EN80 for coarser sand removal, particularly suitable for equipment protection (typical d98 <25 micron)
